Today, the industry's need to join dissimilar metals has increased, especially in the automotive and aircraft industries. In this regard, in order to join metals, new methods, called solid state joining, have been used, among which electromagnetic joining is performed with a lower cost and at a higher speed. In this research, firstly, the feasibility of joining copper tubes to composite tubes by electromagnetic method and the quality of the joinit have been studied. Then, the effect of the welding voltage process parameter on the mechanical properties of the strength has been investigated by the ring test. Finally, in order to examine the surface hardness of the welded samples, the Vickers hardness test was performed. The results show that the joining of the copper samples to the composite tubes has been done well. It has been observed that with the increase in voltage, due to the increase in the collision energy of the two tubes, the connection force has increased by about 2 times. In the 8 kV voltage, due to the increase in the impact speed, a more severe plastic deformation has occurred than in other samples which has caused more local deformation of the weld interface and, as a result, an increase in the hardness. The hardness of the interface in this condition was about 8% higher than that of the 5 kV voltage.

Considering the need of infrastructures and societies for suitable and flexible behavior against disasters, such as earthquake, concepts such as resilience have been defined in order to quantify the ability of a system to reduce the consequences of an earthquake or other disasters and quickly recover the structure after it. In this research, in order to study and investigate the seismic performance of steel structures with composite columns, a group of steel structures are redesigned with the assumption of using composite box columns. The nonlinear models of these structures are created. Then, losses and resilience indexes are evaluated and compared in different seismic risk levels using results of IDA analysis. Despite the reduction of steel consumption, the results of this research show the advantage and appropriate seismic performance of composite columns compared to steel columns in most of the seismic risk levels. So that the resilience index of structures with composite columns in an earthquake with a return period of 2500 years increases between 2% and 5% compared to structures with steel box columns. This improvement in performance occurs while the amount of steel consumed in the columns of moment frames and braced ones shows an average reduction of 33%.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The congenital anomaly of nose is the one of causes of cosmetic of face and repair of this defect is very difficult. In this article, it was reported a case of congenital hypo plastic nasal alar with failure in operation two times. CASE: A 19 year old female referred with hypo plastic nasal alar who had been already operated two times with a failure in repairing this defect. A composite graft from ear with suitable size was inserted in the defect area of nose and it was improved. CONCLUSION: For repairing this anatomical defect and decreasing failure, this new surgical method is suggested.

In this paper, dynamic behaviour of composite tube equipped with piezoelectric actuator ring and conveying fluid flow is studied. The effects of incompressible Newtonian internal fluid flow with constant velocity are considered. The stiffened composite shell with different boundary conditions is exposed to electro-mechanical loading. The governing equations of motion are obtained based on the classical shell theory and using Hamilton’, s principle. Then, these equations are discretized by using differential quadrature (DQ) method in longitudinal direction and harmonic differential quadrature (HDQ) method in circumferential direction. Solving these equations results in eigenvalues and mode shapes of the smart pipe conveying fluid. After comparing results with those existing in the literature, the detailed parametric study is conducted, by concentrating on the effects of fluid flow properties, geometry, material and boundary conditions of composite pipe, temperature, and piezo-actuator ring (size and position) on the vibration behavior of the coupled system, as well as dimensionless critical fluid velocity. It is expected that stability of the coupled system strongly depends on the imposed electric load. The present study can be applied for optimum design of sensors and actuators in active control systems, MEMS and biomechanical applications.

In this study, the shear buckling behavior of plate girders using concrete-filled steel tube structure was verified by nonlinear finite element analysis using CEB-FIP 1990 code. In addition, shear buckling tests were carried out on the model specimens and compared with the analysis. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed plate girder improved the shear buckling resistance compared to the general plate girder. Also, by comparing the test results with the analysis, we propose that the proposed CEP-FIP code is a reasonable analysis. Particularly, as a result of comparing the maximum deflection displacement of the plate girder, it was found that the proposed girder improved the shear buckling resistance performance due to the confinement effect of the concrete-filled steel tube structure than general plate girder.

Broomcorn seed (Sorghum vulgare) was used as raw material for bioethanol production. Optimum conditions were obtained from response surface method. Broomcorn seed flour (45 g/l) was treated by alkaline treatment and dual enzymatic hydrolysis (0. 7 g/l of α-amylase and 0. 42 g/l of amyloglucosidase). The hydrolyzed total sugar of 25. 5 g/L was used in conventional bioethanol production (8. 1 g/l) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enhanced bioethanol production was performed in membrane bioreactor (MBR) in integrated batch fermentation and membrane pervaporation process. Application of commercial polydimethylsiloxane/polyethyleneterephthalate/polyimide (PDMS/PET/PI) membrane in MBR resulted in ethanol concentration of 10. 15 g/l in broth and 70. 2 g/l in cold trap of MBR. Cell concentration in broth was increased from 7. 2 in conventional fermentation to 9. 05 g/l in MBR. In addition, ethanol production in MBR using fabricated membrane having ethanol separation factor of 8. 7; ethanol concentration in broth and cold trap were 11. 1 and 88. 5 g/ l, respectively. Also the cell concentration of 10. 2 g/l was obtained in MBR with fabricated membrane. In MBR, surface modified multi wall carbon nano tube (MWCNT) coated on membrane having ethanol separation factor of 10. 2, resulted ethanol concentration of 11. 9 and 110 g/l in broth and cold trap, respectively. Finally, for MBR using modified membrane the cell concentration of 11. 01 g/l was obtained. Based on a comparison study, maximum ethanol separation and yield were obtained for modified membrane having MWCNT and the surface was modified by corona treatment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Treatment of nasolacrimal obstruction is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with catheter intubation or bodkin tube in the treatment of nasolacrimal obstruction.METHODS: This Quasi- experimental study was conducted on patients with lacrimal obstruction who referred to the department of ophthalmology, Babol Medical University from 1999 to 2006. All cases were treated with DCR with intubation or Bodkin tube. Catheter or bodkin tube was drawn out 3 weeks and 4 months, respectively. After treatment all cases were followed at a 3 month interval for one year. Success rates in these two treated groups were compared. FINDINGS: In group DCR with catheter, 79 cases (50 females, 29 males) with the mean age of 34±16 years and in group bodkin tube, 103 cases (50 females, 53 males) with the mean age of 35±0.5 years were treated. The mean age and sex distribution among these two treated groups were equal (p=0.052). The success rate with DCR with catheter intubation was 96.2% and DCR with Bodkin tube was 99.1%. Significant difference was not seen between two groups in treatment failure.CONCLUSION: Dacryocystorhinostomy with catheter intubation or bodkin tube both have the same efficacy for treatment of nasolacrimal obstruction. However the efficacy of dacryocystorhinostomy with Bodkin tube is associated with lower recurrence rate but the difference was not significant.

Serous otitis or otitis media with effusion is one of the common diseases which if left untreated can lead to complications like tympanic membrane atrophy, cholesteatoma formation, behavioural changes, osteonecrosis and sensori - nueral deafness. One of the treatment options for serous otitis is VT placement which has its own complications like ottorhea, perforation and tympano - sclerosis. The rejection time of VT is closely related to the location of the ventilation tube. The complications arising due to VT placement are related to the time period since placement of the tube, social status of the patient, age, personal hygiene including prevention of water entry into the affected ear, etc. This prospective analytical survey with a one year follow up was carried out on children suffering from serous otitis who had been operated (VT placement) during the first half of 1378 at Shahid Rahnemom Hospital. Most of the VT rejections in all age groups occurred about 7-9 months after the operation but no significant difference was observed between the age groups. In the study determining the relation between gender and VT rejection time (P.V= 0.536), it was realized that the maximum number of VT rejections were between 3-6 months after the operation (47.7%) of which 44.3% was seen in boys and 51.9% in girls, thus, no significant difference was observed between the two sexes (P.V=0.691). 33.9% of the total had ottorhea. 35.1 % sclerosis, and 3.4% had a perforation. 27.6% of the patients had no complications. 7.7% of those patients who had a VT in the anterosuperior compartment of the tympanic membrane had a perforation, while only 2.7% of those who had a VT in the postero – interior compartment had a perforation. Age and gender have no effect on VT rejection time. The probability of a VT remaining in place is more in Shepherd type ventilation tubes than Richard type VT. Ventilation tubes placed in the antero - inferior quadrant are rejected earlier than those placed in the antero - superior quadrant. In the population under study, perforation is the least occurring complication in all age groups. There is on significant difference in the complications arising in either gender.